Generally the base which is bolted into a huge concrete pad provides the essential support for a tower crane. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is connected to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is often a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a gear and a motor that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used in order to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, particularly due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be transported to the construction site by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the equipment portion of the jib and the crane. After that, these parts are connected to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be some of the other industrial machines that is used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Next, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.