A pneumatic or air-filled tire is composed on an inner core that is filled with pressurized air and sealed airtight. Typically, a reinforced steel belted tread or other type of materials, seals this inner core and provides the contact area with the road.
Since the air pressure in the tire is greater than atmospheric air pressure, the tire remains inflated even with a vehicles' weight resting on it. The air pressure inside the tire gives resistance against forces which try to deform the tire. When the tire hits bumps in the road, this gives the tire a slight degree of a cushioning effect. If you have experienced taking a ride in an old-fashioned carriage which had wooden wheels, you know how huge of a difference a set of pneumatic tires makes.
Surely, there are several drawbacks to pneumatic tires. For instance in highly dangerous applications or high-performance situations, these tires can suffer a puncture and this will lead to a complete failure. The consequence of a blowout at high speeds could result in a serious car crash. Military planners must consider tires getting blown out by explosion shrapnel or firing of guns. The worst nightmare of a vehicle crew is becoming trapped in a fire zone because of all of their tires becoming flat. Airless tires obviously don't suffer from these kind of issues and therefore, might be more suitable in certain applications.
Pneumatic tires have another problem involving variations in air pressure and tire performance. Lower tire pressure could create improved traction and increased comfort. This is because of the fact that tires flatten a little and more tread is placed in contact with the road. The air pressure in the tire works to maintain the "up and down" stiffness as well as maintain the lateral stiffness of the tire. Therefore, less air pressure enables the tires' sidewalls to flex. This leads to poor handling unfortunately. Within an airless tire, the stiffness in those two dimensions is independent.
There are other issues with air pressure. Consumers are notoriously undependable when it comes to maintaining proper air pressure. Tires which have incorrect air pressure can result in dangerous situations. It is very important to note that pneumatic tires are also susceptible to temperature changes, which could be responsible for changing the internal tire pressure. It is very important to take into consideration the kind of settings you will be needing your machinery to operate in so that you can inspect the tires on a regular basis and keep the machinery as safe as possible.